COPD: A stepwise or a hit hard approach?

Current guidelines differ slightly on the recommendations for treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients, and although there are some undisputed recommendations, there is still debate regarding the management of COPD. One of the hindrances to deciding which therapeutic approach to choose is late diagnosis or misdiagnosis of COPD. After a proper diagnosis is achieved and severity assessed, the choice between a stepwise or "hit hard" approach has to be made. For GOLD A patients the stepwise approach is recommended, whilst for B, C and D patients this remains debatable. Moreover, in patients for whom inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended, a step-up or "hit hard" approach with triple therapy will depend on the patient's characteristics and, for patients who are being over-treated with ICS, ICS withdrawal should be performed, in order to optimize therapy and reduce excessive medications. This paper discusses and proposes stepwise, "hit hard", step-up and ICS withdrawal therapeutic approaches for COPD patients based on their GOLD group. We conclude that all approaches have benefits, and only a careful patient selection will determine which approach is better, and which patients will benefit the most from each approach.

COPD control: Can a consensus be found?

There are currently no reliable instruments for assessing the onset and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or predicting its prognosis. Currently, a comprehensive assessment of COPD including several objective and subjective parameters is recommended. However, the lack of biomarkers precludes a correct assessment of COPD severity, which consequently hampers adequate therapeutic approaches and COPD control. In the absence of a definition of "well-controlled disease", a consensus regarding COPD control will be difficult to reach. However, COPD patient assessment should be multidimensional, and anchored in five points: control of symptoms, decline of pulmonary function, levels of physical activity, exacerbations, and Quality of Life. Several non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures are currently available to achieve disease control. Smoking cessation, vaccination, exercise training programs and pulmonary rehabilitation are recognized as important non-pharmacological measures but bronchodilators are the pivotal therapy in the control of COPD. This paper discusses several objective and subjective parameters that may bridge the gap between disease assessment and disease control. The authors conclude that, at present, it is not possible to reach a consensus regarding COPD control, essentially due to the lack of objective instruments to measure it. Some recommendations are set forth, but true COPD control awaits further objective assessments.

Regras de Prescrição de Cuidados Respiratórios Domiciliários

Um dos objetivos do Programa Nacional para as Doenças Respiratórias (PNDR) constitui a melhoria da qualidade de prescrição e utilização de Cuidados Respiratórios Domiciliários (CRD). No momento atual, em Portugal, a prescrição de CRD é efetuada ao abrigo das Normas de Orientação Clínica (NOC) da Direção-Geral da Saúde com o objetivo de procurar melhorar a qualidade da prática de prescrição de CRD, nomeadamente, através da definição de regras de boa prática na prescrição de CRD, por terapêutica respiratória domiciliária (Oxigenoterapia de Longa Duração, Aerossolterapia e Ventiloterapia) e por patologia (Síndrome de Apneia do Sono, Deformações do Tórax, Doenças Neuromusculares, Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica e outras patologias que condicionem Insuficiência Respiratória Crónica) e da articulação das NOC com o concurso público para a celebração de contratos públicos de aprovisionamento para a área da saúde, com vista à prestação de serviços de cuidados técnicos respiratórios domiciliários aos utentes do SNS.